Hence not posting it as such. The word "nominal" has a number of definitions. Control Engineering Practice 9 (2001) 699–707 Fuzzy logic based attitude control of the spacecraft X-38 along a nominal re-entry trajectory$ S.-F. Wua,*, C.J.H. Remember, nominal … Nominal sizes were established as a fixed list of bins covering a size range. Central banks pay varying amounts of attention to the path of nominal output, and some—among them the Bank of England—put quite a lot of weight on NGDP. It is very likely (but not certainly, thus this being a comment rather than an an answer) and extension of its use in describing parts and so forth. 1972 Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) The aeronautical usage is derived from engineering. Engelenb, Q.-P. Chua, R. Babus$ kab, J.A. The nominal trajectory is the ideal, planned, intended trajectory (which, in keeping with the definition, exists "in name only" like a platonic ideal). 1/2" drill bits, 6lb cannon, size-10 shoes. I would say it is most likely that someone whose mother tongue is not English, once said 'nominal' when they meant to say 'normal'. On the other hand, various types of qualitative data can be represented in nominal form. How did nominal come to mean “within acceptable tolerances”? Cambridge Dictionary +Plus I would say it derives from definition 4. For unguided projectiles the trajectory is the only one, because the range of elevation of the gun is restricted, and the trajectory is called nominal trajectory. That grammatical structure is what is responsible for the counterintuitive meaning, not an inconsistent definition of the word nominal. The differences from expected values are insignificantly small. Someone else will hopefully provide some historical evidence. Doubts related to speed of sound in different mediums. nominal trajectory Rieko Osu 1 ,* , Ken-ichiMorishi ge 2 ,* , Jun Nakanishi 3 , HiroyukiMiyamoto 4 & MitsuoKawato 1 Humans are capable of achieving complex tasks with redundant degrees of freedom. 1970 N. Armstrong et al. See more. Nominal income measures income at current prices with no adjustment for the effects of inflation e.g. One solution of the satellite equations is a circular orbit, which has values of: 3 2 r r0 , r 0, , T 0, and r0 (this is Kepler's third law). Citing a reference to support your position would make this a much better answer. Found 362 sentences matching phrase "nominal flow".Found in 15 ms. Everything in the aerospace industry has accepted parameters or "tolerances". Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. This consistent with the definitions in OED3 and other sources. At the point of a rocket launch, where the launch is about to start, the use of nominal, it seems to me, is just a summary that the processes variables required for launch are at their named targets (within the required tolerances). These were tested with a calibrated shot and a standardized charge of powder, further reducing the variations among manufacturers. Wouldn't it come from definition 4? OK. Second try. It is easy to verify that with zero thrusts forces and the initial conditions the resulting nominal trajectory is r*(t) = r 0 and θ*(t) = w 0 t + θ 0. click for more detailed Chinese translation, definition, pronunciation and example sentences. Thus Step 2: Nameplate description data, associating name with performance or capability ratings. I don't have that to offer. winds) other than atmospheric drag and gravity. Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation as measured in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument. the nominal trajectory. Recommendations for OR video channels (YouTube etc), Retaining permissions when copying a folder. How did “hearties” come to mean “shipmates”? It only takes a minute to sign up. Here is the Waterhouse carburetor ad, which is compact compared to its "nominal size rating", where size rating is determined from its performance. endstream endobj 15 0 obj <> endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <>stream How did 'nominal' come to mean 'insignificantly small, trifling'? Nominal and Real GDP - Measuring Real National Income. Nominal data is categorical data that assigns numerical values as an attribute to an object, animal, person or any other non-number. (This is understood to be within a prescribed tolerance, because nothing is ever perfect). �P��%�ڙ6���nj�8�:G3�X%`�+�#]�� "��p�:� ��i4{Z���(_������� Surprisingly, the sense of nominal used in the preceding definition of tolerance is missing from both the Free Dictionary (via AHD4) and OED3. Lowes or Home Depot), lumber measurements are often listed as "2x4x8 nominal". endstream endobj startxref Rocket launching is a team enterprise that is focussed on automatic controls. I work in the Space industry and the use of 'nominal' is very common amongst my non-English colleagues; even in the non-space parts of their lives. In this example, we consider a simple circular trajectory with constant angular velocity (i.e., r(t) and are both constant). > Q: Why do they say "nominal" instead of “normal” when they launch rockets? The trajectory of a moving object is the path that it follows as it moves. The following is from Douglas T. Hamilton's Gages, Gaging, and Inspection(1st edition; 1918; p.30): It is, therefore, common practice to specify the "limit" -- that is the deviation from the true or nominal size which is permissible. Do "the laws" mentioned in the U.S. Oath of Allegiance have to be constitutional? Example: "We will accept a tolerance of this measurement between a and b." ��(Ca�I������E�����ms�K)w��� �Q���ߕ1mva�4�Қ��!l#�l��0�~�ӏ��`,�AX�Q�!/��y�?d�ٳ�nN!y�|���൐���`�Ɣ� ��o���4�j�u�ڳ���6r��+봥s~�2���#$����Z��}�xv�i6�lA�%J!„0?Q�ӧ�m�a�q���pdl�y��X��]_�mh�r1��f��^tmﳲ*������ܭ��t� ��f����$]G�G��M��}�j�F.|�8�i�1s�M�7 ��a�7�Ɛ�Dr�(J�c�d��38�Z&����yQ���8 ��NN^LH��W�`)\����~F�؏� �m����Z�5:�m��Ⱦ����.��Ϡ��]�*��r�En��O�;�YX3І�z���I��WH�m�>�u_��@lF� &3W�"m#ωgr�u2���/� }.��>��\t+M��W�gA0��3�/ �^B The "2-by-4" and other examples cited so far fit this. qh�J=�V�{�C! The objective is to linearize the model around this nominal trajectory. 14 0 obj <> endobj This is very different than the 19th century usage asserting minimal attention to one's duties. From their point of view the centrists are only nominally Republican, that is, according the definition of being enrolled in the party. Those Republicans on the far right of the American political spectrum sometimes criticize centrist Republicans as being "RINO"s (rhinos): R epublican I n N ame O nly. Generally speaking, trajectory optimization is a technique for computing an open-loop solution to an optimal control problem. A nominal wage is not adjusted for inflation. My point is that "the nominal trajectory" expresses a platonic ideal, but "the trajectory, Hi Nick, and welcome to ELU. There was a definition of ‘pertaining to, or constituting a name or names or nouns’ but that seemed to be only referencing grammar. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. by or as regards name; in name; ostensibly. Nominal definition is - of, relating to, or being a noun or a word or expression taking a noun construction. nominally definition: 1. in name or thought but not in fact, or not as things really are: 2. in name or thought but not…. By 1900, there were a fair number of "nominal sizing" systems out there, covering areas such as plumbing, arms, and tooling. Is the same as "This measurement is between a and b, so it is nominal." This answer doesn't make sense or provide any evidence. A nominal group technique is used by a company to find an effective solution for a problem or to think about a new idea or to make an important decision about the company. b. %%EOF a temperature of 25°C at the solar cells; In other words, the Peak Power is a specific feature of your PV system, regardless of the location where it is tested. This also nicely fits as explanation for the other questionable meaning that doesn't suit the etymology: "insignificantly small". How did an egg and cheese dish come to be known as “Woodchuck(s)”? The limit is generally stated by giving the amount that the dimension may be larger or smaller than the nominal size. A half-inch bolt fits inside a hole drilled by a half-inch bit. Prime vehicle to effect a nominal re-entry at 400,000 ft. following injection at 26,000 fps. Stigma of virginity and chastity loophole. Performance regulations require that takeoff and landing distance data include correction factors for not less than 150 percent of the nominal tailwind component along the flight path. The Free Dictionary offers the following definition (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6th edition) for tolerance: (engineering) I certainly don't mind corrections. So the idea of a sentence "Height is nominal" is that while the height may not be exactly at [the correct height], it's nominally at [the correct height]? I'm not allowed to comment yet, so I'll take a stab at answering. h�bbd``b`Z$�� ��$V��Z�s!�ebM ��@D9�+ However, the quantitative labels lack a numerical value or relationship (e.g., identification number). To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. As @Drew has shown by example, "name" and "nominal" can be used to imply both favorable and unfavorable assesements. You've explained what the word (in this context) means, but that wasn't in question. Did You Know? If a trajectory optimization problem can be solved at a rate given by the inverse of the Lipschitz constant, th… They do not consider them to be really Republican, that is, Republican in spirit or actual practice. trajectory definition: 1. the curved path that an object follows after it has been thrown or shot into the air: 2. the…. Trajectory definition is - the curve that a body (such as a planet or comet in its orbit or a rocket) describes in space. It can also be named as systematic and organized brainstorming sessions organized in a company so that the creativity of every member can be used, and every member of the group is given equal and fair chance to present their … It appears to have started with the industrial revolution and mass production of things such as boots and cannons and barrel hoops, which needed to be binned for military logistics. ��qtb�jD �Ƌ��D��e��HJ�F���`�>��׎�e�x�rXd�b��\�K����wL��Vw�e^,Ӆ� �9���Evw��_X��ie�� ��*�P�X������m9�s��֍ٚ;]���lu�d��U�m��YQV�iQ����a���{ڌ���������l݁���CS���Cjd+�0:bJ��)�o�tt�/�!doFW��;"b_�ľ�Cbܵ?,ܪnB����'��T;��� Such a definition sets forth what something is in name, or nominally. the nominal trajectory. nominal — Aerospace. 2. countable noun. It's important to note that you are asking about the structure "the trajectory is nominal", not "the nominal trajectory". 53 0 obj <>stream ,��t}n��� Showing page 1. The nominal control u ¯ (t) is assumed to yield a satisfactory nominal trajectory x ¯ (t) whose desirable shape should be preserved in nonnominal situations. A model assuming noise both on the nominal trajectory and motor command was able to reproduce the observed variance modulation, supporting an expression of nominal trajectories in the brain. The former is the nominal meaning of the law.). Learn the definition of 'nominal frequency'. ‘Nominal Trajectory’ Stage 2 propulsion is performing as expected now four minutes into the flight, traveling 5600 miles per hour and 200 miles downrange from Kennedy Space Center. The point is this: Use of the word nominally in such contexts emphasizes the possibility or actuality of a discrepancy between (a) the meaning of the name as formally or defined or as normally/conventionally understood and (b) the meaning of some individuals or occurrences that are classified under that name. the nominal trajectory. Nominal definition is - of, relating to, or being a noun or a word or expression taking a noun construction. A nominal wage, also called a money wage, is the money you're paid by an employer for your labor. there is deviation (as there must be from any expected value when measuring real things), but it is small enough to be a deviation in name only. There is some difference -- in some sense the name does not really seem to fit. “Trajectory not only excel across the many research disciplines, but the quality of the research construction is consistently intelligent, flexible and well costed. Although nominal performance literally refers to nameplate data, the phrasing suggests a broadening of the concept beyond that. Under these standard conditions, the nominal power of solar panels can be compared with each other. to mean these values were within the acceptable and expected ranges. A nominal wage is not adjusted for inflation. English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. The trajectory that the spacecraft follows does not always practice following the nominal trajectory. The nominal trajectory is the ideal, planned, intended trajectory (which, in keeping with the definition, exists "in name only" like a platonic ideal). Its use is clearly not in line with its etymologocal roots. h�T�Oo�0��| The nominal control u ¯ (t) is assumed to yield a satisfactory nominal trajectory x ¯ (t) whose desirable shape should be preserved in nonnominal situations. The OED references these sources [Hat tip @tchrist]: 1966 Aviation Week & Space Technology 5 Dec. 30/1 The mission is to launch the 800-lb. This is a measure for the relative length of the optical path through the atmosphere. Browse the use examples 'nominal frequency' in the great English corpus. ... an NGDP target might mean … "Nominal" came to be associated with the idea that it will work fine with all the other components so named and binned. They hopefully don't mean that all of the measured trajectory data has accidentally been overwritten with nominal trajectory values, nor that the trajectory in question is the nominal trajectory, which would be the literal interpretation of "the trajectory is nominal". 0 Otherwise this can be seen as just your opinion, and we try to give answers with some kind of authoritative reference. Cannons and cannon balls provide a useful example where bin standardization was extremely useful (never mind that a French pound and an English pound were different enough that the cannon balls couldn't be interchanged in the larger sizes.) I am a control systems engineer and, although I am not a sapce engineer, like many engineers I am faced with the use of the word nominal in specifications. Can I simply use multiple turbojet engines to fly supersonic? It means "close enough to call it that". This is the case even if according to some other considerations one might normally not think of it as being such a thing. introduce the concept of a pattern-based trajectory definition model with two salient fea-tures: • Two 4D (4DT) trajectory constructs: A conven-tional one—defined by a 3D/4D path using explicit trajectory objects, and an unconventional one that Systems can be linearized about a nominal trajectory as well as a nominal equilibrium point. Under these standard conditions, the nominal power of solar panels can be compared with each other. It can be found in the nominal performance of turbine cascades (1953), two-hop radio repeaters (1952) and a wide variety of other kit. How to use trajectory in a sentence. The question is how did it come to take that meaning. Coined from the Latin nomenclature “Nomen” (meaning name), it is sometimes called “labelled” or “named” data. Define X T = Φ x, y, z, v x, v y, v z to be function of nominal trajectory, with x as argument and v x, v y, v z, y, z as state variables. The nominal value for 4.503 will be 4-1/2. He was nominally the leader, but others actually ran the organization. Learn more. It may help to think of the expression at least in name or even in name only. By stating that something is nominal you relay the parameters it meets without having to pronounce all those numbers. Unfortunately, it stuck. For example, if the company commonly works with fractional dimensions, the nominal value for the dimension 3.124 will be 3.125 (3-1/8). 32 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3522AE4D35ABBD317953B7DDE09F6671><72F8241AC8C8464D9268EC20020B6051>]/Index[14 40]/Info 13 0 R/Length 88/Prev 23943/Root 15 0 R/Size 54/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Here's an 1846 reference to American frigate ships. It is often used for systems where computing the full closed-loop solution is not required, impractical or impossible. But the requisite definition is found in the Oxford Dictionaries Online: 3 (Of a quantity or dimension) stated or expressed but not necessarily corresponding exactly to the real value: Convex lattice polygons with equal area and perimeter. endstream endobj 18 0 obj <>stream p�_b�N;@����E�O���g�n�g���M�p�����^�+�[ʂ���u�q8�n���ć��]ᡮ�'��͵�zs�4����b�hf�PU�b�����j@d�+�W�����'�4:e.��rS����i��Q�ښN+�ڏ2�2�b�t J�6L�̸3e-c--��(c-g-K��1�b��#�������mb���)E*M��yu_���� 6� �%݃Ջs>s�IJ6d��_�m�/. Of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of a name or names. Critically they make a point of really understanding the business, its aims and the topic before embarking on … So anywhere in the world, you could find 3lb, 4lb, 6lb, 8lb, 12lb, etc shot. Thus nominal sizes began to appear. Finally I found a definition that makes sense. I wonder if anyone can explain that derivation. Nominal Trajectory - The nominal trajectory is the trajectory that the vehicle will fly if all vehicle aerodynamic parameters are exactly as expected, if all vehicle internal and external systems perform exactly as planned, and there are no external perturbing influences (e.g. 7�@� I do not have a factual answer to this question but I hope I can direct the search towards an answer. I interpret its meaning as 'the variables of interest are at the required values'. problem tractable, we restrict the motion plan to a nominal trajectory stabilized with a linear estimator and controller. Nominal definition, being such in name only; so-called; putative: a nominal treaty; the nominal head of the country. Assigned to or bearing a person's name: nominal shares. The aeronautical sense of nominal derives from engineering where the nominal value is the specified dimension and the reference point for tolerances. Check out the pronunciation, synonyms and grammar. The objective is to linearize the model around this nominal trajectory. %PDF-1.5 %���� �RqO�e@F����6���z��6N��`Uo=��z�liKti�C��2]��5���WS���Q����;�7懁��@C�{@#>E鎠�B���|Mu � h�M. Which then becomes "This measurement is nominal", where the tolerance equaling between a and b, becomes unstated, yet accepted. Thus step 3: The name/bin is derived from the performance data, performance is now the driver. This ISS trash deployment looks more like 2 feet than 2 inches per second, was it too fast or are these articles incorrect? Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. rev 2021.3.12.38768, The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, English Language & Usage Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us. For example, the Free Dictionary gives seven: [Middle English nominalle, of nouns, from Latin nōminālis, of names, from nōmen, nōmin-, name; see nō̆men- in Indo-European roots.]. How to use nominal in a sentence. h޼WmO�8�+��hU��i��[��-�h�8)ʇ@��m�$���c�i^`��RO�p��@C#'1�W�i�A� ��A#���H���h�g�R��r������1B`F������� C1������B�oߢ���lZ���lJ��]D�|UA�lF�s:�L���;?�L��A�λ The next step was to solidify these bins by specifying performance of, say, an 8lb cannon. In addition, while, The question here is: "How and when did definition #4 arise?". During a recent rocket launch, the announcer repeated phrases like "Height is nominal. A permissible deviation from a specified value, expressed in actual values or more often as a percentage of the nominal value. How did “party” come to mean “gathering”? If the state x(t) is densely distributed around the nominal state x ¯ ( t ) , the system is said to be insensitive to the perturbation; the likelihood of the nominal state x ¯ ( t ) provides a measure of the insensitivity at time t. Most of the definitions are clearly from the sense of "names" and "nouns" - and from that idea of something being only in name, but not in reality. performing or achieved within expected, acceptable limits; normal and satisfactory; Example The mission was nominal throughout. In this formula, N.O.H.D is the Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (in meter), P 0 the power of the source (in Watts) or eventually the total energy carried by one pulse (in Joules), M.P.E the Maximum Permissible Exposure (in W/rad or J/m²) , w the waist of the Gaussian beam (m), and the divergence of the beam. When one purchases lumber from lumber yards or home improvement stores (e.g. (This difference is close to what is meant by the letter of the law versus the spirit of the law. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. If it fits then it can be called by that name - it is nominally such a thing. Author Anna Heiney Posted on May 30, 2020 Categories Commercial Spaceflight , International Space Station , Kennedy Space Center , NASA , NASA Astronauts , SpaceX Since UAS present much more operational flexibility than CPA, Ren et al. Power is nominal." Is it influenced by the word "normal"? Thanks for contributing an answer to English Language & Usage Stack Exchange! In the aerospace industry, to say that something is "nominal" is to say it is within accepted parameters. patents-wipo Rotation of the fan exit guide vanes between a nominal position and a rotated position selectively changes a fan bypass flow path to permit efficient operation at various flight conditions. Trajectory optimization is the process of designing a trajectory that minimizes (or maximizes) some measure of performance while satisfying a set of constraints. You suggest it is because it is a platonic ideal, which is in name only, but that seem kind of oxymoronic in that in this case it is NOT in name only, but also in practice. introduce the concept of a pattern-based trajectory definition model with two salient fea-tures: • Two 4D (4DT) trajectory constructs: A conven-tional one—defined by a 3D/4D path using explicit trajectory objects, and an unconventional one that What is the mathematical meaning of the plus sign (+) in chemical reaction equations? The transition from so named to performing as desired isn't that big a leap. Space 94 Nominal, a favourite word, meaning within prescribed limits; anything from ‘perfect’ to acceptable. For a given occurrence to fit that name the definition must be matched in some way, often within tolerances specified in the definition. nominal trajectory in a sentence - Use "nominal trajectory" in a sentence 1. site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. a temperature of 25°C at the solar cells; In other words, the Peak Power is a specific feature of your PV system, regardless of the location where it is tested. Nominal data can be both qualitative and quantitative. (ˈnɑmənli) adverb. Insignificantly small; trifling: a nominal sum. First on Moon vi. Nominal Trajectory - The nominal trajectory is the trajectory that the vehicle will fly if all vehicle aerodynamic parameters are exactly as expected, if all vehicle internal and external systems perform exactly as planned, and there are no external perturbing influences (e.g. "In name only" means that it doesn't match what it's supposed to be. winds) other than atmospheric drag and gravity. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. This is a measure for the relative length of the optical path through the atmosphere. "Nominal" in aerospace means that it, @Ben: Please reread what I wrote. The diameter of the shaft for example may be given as "one inch plus or minus 0.001 inch...". Translation memories are created by human, but computer aligned, which might cause mistakes. An integrated approach to trajectory and navigation design would allow for the nominal trajectory to be constrained by fundamental navigation metrics in addition to the traditional trajectory constraints of fuel and time. Is it derived from the other senses of nominal? Did You Know? It is easy to verify that with zero thrusts forces and the initial conditions the resulting nominal trajectory is r*(t) = r 0 and θ*(t) = w 0 t + θ 0. It can be expanded to "the measured trajectory is in agreement with the nominal trajectory". They may include words, letters, and symbols. Why do we need NMOS transistors for NAND gate? How does the strong force increase in attraction as particles move farther away? This is because 2x4's (and most other common stud sizes) are actually half an inch less wide and less thick then specified (to conserve lumber, while still providing sufficient sturdiness). Definition of Nominal Data . Is there any reason to use F flat in notating this blues riff (jazz)? It was a supposition not an answer. Engelenb, Q.-P. Chua, R. Babus$ kab, J.A. Step 1: Bin names covering a range of sizes. How did a “ton” come to mean “one hundred” of something? The development of such an approach, however, requires that the By 1909, we have the association with performance. Similarly, when using bilateral tolerances the nominal value is by definition "within acceptable tolerances." Is there a link between democracy and economic prosperity? The answer says it's from definition 4, but doesn't make any logical connection to definition 4 or provide any evidence. For my thinking, this connotation comes from the distinction between (a) what something is in name, that is, as set forth in a definition or specification and (b) what a given occurrence of that something is in concrete reality. This usage in engineering long predates the space program. They come from many sources and are not checked. 2x4's are actually 1.5 x 3.5 inches. One possibility overlooked in the other answers is that although nominal eventually came to mean literally "within normal tolerances", the usage could have been introduced in the sense of "nominal deviation from expected value"; i.e. browning meat in Dutch oven--why doesn't it work for me? A measurement corresponding to the nominal value is "according to plan or design." Sci-fi film where an EMP device is used to disable an alien ship, and a huge robot rips through a gas station, Removing creases from an oil painting canvas, arXiv article says that code has been made available with the article, but I cannot find it. b. 26 July 3/1 As one engineer said, ‘She is phenomenally nominal’ — nominal being space jargon for operating-as-planned. nominal trajectory in Chinese : :标称弹道…. The learning-related decrease in task-relevant modulation revealed a reduction in the influence of optimal feedback around the task constraints. Be warned. Most material © … Nominal data (also known as nominal scale) is a classification of categorical variables, that do not provide any quantitative value. 124 An example of misuse is our use of the word ‘nominal’, which most of the English-speaking world interprets as meaning small, minimal-and we usually use it in the sense of being average or normal. I am guessing that soemone had to make up a rocket launch vernacular (either consciously or otherwise) to succinctly state that all is OK during a process that has to meet strict time limits. Here is an early example from Electrical Engineering, Volume 11, 1915, that seems to be pointing the way (unable to post as image, can someone help with that).
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